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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) - Fiji (2001)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) z Fiji (2001)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)Fiji (2001)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonFiji
Administrative divisions none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order 4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288)


65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
32.92% (male 141,724; female 136,216)

15-64 years:
63.52% (male 268,411; female 267,871)

65 years and over:
3.56% (male 14,007; female 16,101) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish
Airports 2 (2007) 27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total:
3

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
24

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
19 (2000 est.)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total:
18,270 sq km

land:
18,270 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May of 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. New elections are scheduled for August 2001.
Birth rate 13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 23.33 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
revenues:
$610 million

expenditures:
$501 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Saint-Pierre


geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W


time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Suva
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 120 km 1,129 km
Constitution 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) 10 October 1970 (suspended 1 October 1987); a new constitution was proposed on 23 September 1988 and promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form:
Republic of the Fiji Islands

conventional short form:
Fiji
Currency - Fijian dollar (FJD)
Death rate 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 5.75 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $193 million (1998)
Dependency status self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador Osman M. SIDDIQUE

embassy:
31 Loftus Street, Suva

mailing address:
P. O. Box 218, Suva

telephone:
[679] 314466

FAX:
[679] 300081
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Salaseini Lelelvawalu VOSAILAGI

chancery:
Suite 240, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 337-8320

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-1996
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $40.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Roughly 300,000 tourists visit each year, including thousands of Americans following the start of regularly scheduled non-stop air service from Los Angeles. Fiji's growth slowed in 1997 because the sugar industry suffered from low world prices and rent disputes between farmers and landowners. Drought in 1998 further damaged the sugar industry, but its recovery in 1999 contributed to robust GDP growth. Long-term problems include low investment and uncertain property rights. The political turmoil in Fiji has had a severe impact with the economy shrinking by 8% in 1999 and over 7,000 people losing their jobs. The interim government's 2001 budget is an attempt to attract foreign investment and restart economic activity. The government's ability to manage the budget and fulfill predictions of 4% growth for 2001 will depend on a return to stability, a regaining of investor confidence, and the absence of international sanctions (which could cripple Fiji's sugar and textile industry).
Electricity - consumption 46.5 million kWh (2005) 474.3 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 50 million kWh (2005) 510 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
17.65%

hydro:
82.35%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Tomanivi 1,324 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) Fijian dollars per US dollar - 2.1814 (January 2001), 2.1286 (2000), 1.9696 (1999), 1.9868 (1998), 1.4437 (1997), 1.4033 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
note:
armed ethnic Fijian terrorists, led by George SPEIGHT stormed the Parliament building on 19 May 2000; ethnic Indo-Fijian Prime Minister Mahendra CHAUDHRY and his government were held hostage for 56 days; following the attempted coup, the Commander of the Fiji Military Forces, naval Commodore Frank BAINIMARAMA declared martial law and dissolved the government on 29 May 2000; an interim government, headed by interim Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE, was appointed to serve until a new constitution was initiated and subsequent elections held; in November 2000, Fiji's High Court upheld the 1997 constitution and ruled that Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA remained the president; Justice Anthony GATES concluded that MARA should recall the pre-May 19th Parliament and appoint a prime minister to form a new government; the Fiji Court of Appeals upheld GATES' decision on 1 March 2001; it ruled that the 1997 constitution had not been abrogated, Parliament had not been dissolved, only prorogued for six months, and that the presidency remained vacant since MARA's resignation took effect 15 December 2000; President Ratu Josefa ILOILO reinstated QARASE's interim government as the caretaker government and elections were scheduled for August 2001; approximately 23 fluid political parties are currently jockeying for power

chief of state:
President Ratu Josefa ILOILO (since NA 2000); Vice President Jope SENILOLI (since NA 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since NA 2000); Deputy Prime Minister Epeli NAILATIKAU (since NA 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament; note -there is also a Presidential Council that advises the president on matters of national importance and a Great Council of Chiefs which consists of the highest ranking members of the traditional chiefly system

elections:
president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Ratu Josefa ILOILO elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs; percent of vote - NA%
Exports NA bbl/day $537 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish
Exports - partners Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006) Australia 33.1%, US 14.8%, UK 13.8%, other Pacific island countries 8.8%, NZ 4.5%, Japan 4.5% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove
GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
16%

industry:
30%

services:
54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $7,300 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% -8% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 18 00 S, 175 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited
Highways - total:
3,440 km

paved:
1,692 km

unpaved:
1,748 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports NA bbl/day $653 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals
Imports - partners France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006) Australia 41.9%, US 14%, NZ 13.3%, Japan 4.8%, Taiwan 1.9% (1999)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 10 October 1970 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 2.9% (1995)
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries
Infant mortality rate total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.1% (2005) 0% (1999 est.)
International organization participation UPU, WFTU ACP, AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 10 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 3,450 (2005) 235,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 18%


industry: 41%


services: 41% (1996 est.)
subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners 15% (1987)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 12.5%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.5% (2005)
arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
4%

permanent pastures:
10%

forests and woodland:
65%

other:
11% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official) English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on British system
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (32 seats; 14 appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the prime minister, eight appointed by the leader of the opposition, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 11 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fiji Labor Party 37, others 34
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.76 years


male: 76.41 years


female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
total population:
68.25 years

male:
65.83 years

female:
70.78 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
91.6%

male:
93.8%

female:
89.3% (1995 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references North America Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,870 GRT/14,787 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF; includes ground and naval forces)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $24 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
227,599 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
125,238 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
9,471 (2001 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun:
Fijian(s)

adjective:
Fijian
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Net migration rate -4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; Fijian Nationalist Federation Party or NFP [Singh RAKKA]; Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Jai Ram REDDY]; United General Party or UGP [David PICKERING]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 7,036 (July 2007 est.) 844,330 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.128% (2007 est.) 1.41% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Savusavu, Suva
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 500,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
597 km; note - belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation

narrow gauge:
597 km 0.610-m gauge (1995)
Religions Roman Catholic 99%, other 1% Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2%

note:
Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female


total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.87 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
general assessment:
modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center

domestic:
NA

international:
access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,800 (2002) 72,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 5,200 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) NA
Terrain mostly barren rock mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Total fertility rate 2 children born/woman (2007 est.) 2.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.3% (1999) 6% (1997 est.)
Waterways - 203 km

note:
122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
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